Slashing
Penalty di PoS network di mana sebagian stake validator di-burn karena misbehavior.
Penjelasan
Sobat Kripto, slashing adalah penalty mechanism di Proof of Stake blockchain. Validator yang misbehave (double-sign, downtime extended, malicious activity) dapat sebagian stake di-burn permanen. Mekanisme penting untuk consensus security: economic disincentive untuk attack atau negligent. Severity bervariasi per chain dan offense.
Type Offense
Double-signing: validator sign two different block at same height. Most serious offense, often slashing besar (Ethereum: penalty besar potentially full 32 ETH stake). Inactivity: validator down extended period. Smaller penalty per epoch, tapi compound over time. Equivocation: contradictory attestation. Various other smaller offense.
Slashing per Chain
Ethereum: minimum 1 ETH slash untuk double-sign, escalating up to 32 ETH (full stake) untuk repeated atau coordinated attack. Cosmos: 5 persen of stake untuk double-sign, 0,01 persen untuk downtime. Polkadot: variable up to 100 persen depending offense severity. Solana: no slashing currently (only inflation reduction).
Untuk Sobat Kripto
Solo validator: bear full slashing risk. Pool/exchange staking: slashing distributed across many staker, individual impact small. Liquid staking (Lido, Rocket Pool): protocol absorb slashing, holder lose minimal. Untuk Sobat Kripto pemula: pool atau exchange staking lebih safe dari solo. Kalau solo, ensure proper setup dan monitoring untuk avoid slashing trigger.